1. «Cent'anni dopo: numero speciale su Gramsci». Emigrazione, XXIII, 8-9 (August-September, 1991), pp. 98. [Articles by G. Baratta, C. Bermani, J. Buttigieg, U. Cardia, A. Catone, F. Coggiola, F. Darraj, E. Fattorini, G. Fiori, D. Fo, V. Gerratana, W. Glinga, A. Natoli, M. Paulesu, M.L. Righi, R. Rossanda, B. Santhià, S. Tagliagambe, G. Trombetti, G. Vacca, and G. Volpe.] [Ital.] [END PAGE 11]
2. Die 'Linie Luxemburg-Gramsci'. Zur Aktualität marxistischen Denkens. Argument-Sonderband AS 159. Hamburg & Berlin: Argument Verlag, 1989. Pp. 148. [The Acts of the Hamburg Conference of 1985 on Gramsci and Luxemburg.] [Ger.]
3. Gramsci e il marxismo contemporaneo. Relazioni al convegno organizzato dal Centro Mario Rossi, Siena, 27-30 aprile, 1987. Edited by Biagio Muscatello. Rome: Editori Riuniti, 1990. Pp. viii-406. [Contributions by N. Badaloni, J. Bidet, A. Davidson, L.O. Ferreyra, A. García Barceló, V. Gerratana, S. Krzémién-Ojak, G. Labica, E.H. Logiudice, D. Losurdo, M. Löwy, M. Martelli, Ar. Münster, A. Negri, J-P. Potier, G. Prestipino, A.S. Vázquez, N. Tertulian, J. Texier, A. Tosel.] (A very interesting collection. Includes essays on G.'s basic concepts, including the economic, as well as material on Gramscian studies abroad. The Editori Riuniti have still to publish the proceedings of other important congresses such as those of Rome in 1987 and, above all, Formia in 1989. Numbers 4, 6, and 7 of this list also consist of the publication of acts of Gramscian congresses held in 1987.) [Ital.]
4. Gramsci e l'Occidente: Trasformazioni della società e riforma della politica. Edited by Walter Tega. Bologna: Cappelli, 1990. Pp. 260. [Proceedings of the International Meeting held at Bologna from September 9 to 11, 1987, by the Ist. Gramsci Emilia-Romagna, the Fondazione Gramsci of Rome, and the Leadership of the PCI. Includes articles by G. Chiarante, N. Badaloni, R. Zangheri, W. Adamson, P. Spriano, L. Canfora, R. Orfei, U. Cerroni, Mario Telò, P. Glotz, J. Diggins, M. Bovero, I. Fetscher, G.E. Rusconi, G. Ferrara, and R. Medici.] [Ital.]
5. «Le radici: Omaggio ad Antonio Gramsci nel centenario della nascita». Rinascita sarda, 1 (January, 1991), pp. 96 + 20. [Articles, reprints and information by A. Occhetto, N. Jotti, S. Cherchi, M. Birardi, U. Cardia, P. Togliatti, E. Berlinguer, P. Ingrao, R. Laconi, G. Sotgiu, N. Bobbio, A. Pigliaru, A. Natta, P. Branca, E. [END PAGE 12] Sanna, G. Macciotta, G. Fiori, P.S. Scano, F. Cocco, E. OrrJ, M. Sedda, L. Marrocu, A. Granese, S. Cardia, S. Fiori, G. Podda, G. Melis, M. Dadea.] [Ital.]
6. Le tesi di Lione: Riflessioni su Gramsci e la storia d'Italia. L. Cafagna - R. Martinelli -C. Natoli - S. Scamuzzi - C. Vivanti e la pubblicazione integrale de Le Tesi di Lione. Fondazione Feltrinelli Quaderni/39. Milan: Franco Angeli, 1990. Pp. 275. ["This Quaderno contains the materials presented in the course of the seminar on 'Le Tesi di Lione. Riflessioni su Antonio Gramsci e la storia d'Italia' held at Cortona on November 13-14, 1987."
The papers by Martinelli, Natoli and Vivanti have already appeared in respectively: Critica marxista, n.3-4, 1988, pp. 175-97; Passato e presente, n.17, 1988, pp. 137-57; and Studi Storici, n.1, 1988, pp. 5-19.
The best known of the documents of the party majority at Lyons, "Le Tesi sulla situazione politica italiana," was partially published in L'Unità before the Congress, and was afterwards republished several times (See for example, A. Gramsci, La costruzione del Partito comunista 1923-1926. Turin: Einaudi, 1971). The other theses presented by the majority are fully published here for the first time. They are: "I. Tesi sulla situazione internazionale," pp. 109-135; "II. Tesi per il lavoro nazionale e coloniale," pp. 135-50; "III. Tesi agrarie," pp. 150-71; "IV. Progetto di tesi politiche," pp. 171-207; and "Progetto di tesi sindacali," pp. 207-27.
The theses of Bordiga's party minority (pp. 229-75), also published in L'Unità before the Congress, were taken from the collection of documents in In difesa della continuità del Programma comunista (Milan, 1970).] [Ital.]
7. Modern Times: Gramsci e la critica dell'americanismo. Edited by Giorgio Baratta and Andrea Catone. Atti del Convegno Internazionale organizzato dal Centro di Iniziativa Politica e Culturale di Roma in collaborazione con l'Amministrazione provinciale di Roma. Roma 20-22 novembre 1987. Milan: Cooperativa Diffusioni '84, 1989. Pp. 487. [Essays and contributions by D. Jervolino, M.A. Sartori, G. [END PAGE 13] Baratta, A. Catone, P. Richetto, A. Showstack Sassoon, L. Knapp, J. Buttigieg, G. Iacchini, M. Carazzi, J-P. Potier, F. Frosini, G. Pala, M.A. Manacorda, J. Texier, R. Finelli, P. Ferraris, C. Riechers, A. Tosel, W.F. Haug, S. Kebir, A. Demirovic, F.S. Festa, R. Caputo, G. Vacca, U. Cardia, T. Szabo, E. Said, C. West, W. Glinga, O. Fernandez Diaz, J. Ramos Regidor, A. Sajo, R. Mordenti, G. D'Agostino, G. Girardi, L. Cortesi, A. Santucci, C. Preve.] [Ital.]
8. «Schwerpunkt: Antonio Gramsci». Zibaldone: Zeitschift für italienische Kultur der Gegenwart, 11 ( May, 1991), pp. 5-76. [Articles by A. Patrucco Becchi, G. Baratta, J. Borek, B. Wagner, L. Borghese, R. Martinelli.] [Ger.]
9. Utopie und Zivilgesellschaft. Rekonstruktionen, Thesen und Informationen zu Antonio Gramsci. Edited by Uwe Hirschfeld and Werner Rügemer. Berlin: Elefanten Press[!]Edition Sonntag, 1990. Pp. 218. [Essays and contributions by U. Hirschfeld, G. Sotgiu, A. Bühl, H. Thoma, F. Frosini, J. J. Korff, S. Puntscher-Riekmann, B. Wagner, S. Kebir, E. Högemann, G. Baratta, H. Melber, J. Buttigieg.] [Ger.]
10. Bobbio, Norberto. Saggi su Gramsci. Milan: Feltrinelli, 1990. Pp. 125. [The first part of this volume (pp. 7-70) was published in Bobbio's Gramsci e la concezione della società civile (Milan: Feltrinelli, 1976).
The second part and the Appendix were published as separate articles. They are respectively numbers 918, 932, 910, 930, and 908 in the general bibliography.] [Ital.]
11. Coutinho, Carlos Nelson. Gramsci. Um estudo sobre o seu pensamento político. Rio de Janiero: Campus, 1989. Pp. 142. [Port.]
12. Dombroski, Robert S. Antonio Gramsci. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1989. Pp. XIX- 147. (A general introduction to Gramsci's thinking on literature which the author views as "original" and holding "much that is still valuable.") [Eng.] [END PAGE 14]
13. Fiori, Giuseppe. Gramsci Togliatti Stalin. Bari: Laterza, 1991. Pp. 205. (The first two essays emphasize the relations between Gramsci, just before and during his imprisonment, and Togliatti and Stalin. The third deals with his "Sardism" and "federalism.") [Ital.]
14. Fondazione Istituto Gramsci. Antonio Gramsci nella biblioteca della Fondazione. A cura di Dario Massimi, Cinzia Salvi, Massimo Canario, Gabriele D'Autilia. Rome: Fotosatz snc di R. Mattia, 1989. Pp. 102. [Part I contains 223 listings of editions of Gramsci in many languages (This is probably the only publication which has even attempted this difficult task.); Part II, numbers 224 to 522, lists books on Gramsci in many languages. All are in the holdings of the library of the Fondazione.] [Ital.]
15. Germino, Dante. Antonio Gramsci: Architect of a New Politics. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University, 1990. Pp. xxii-270. (An interesting attempt to understand Gramsci's unique contributions by dealing with his life and thought as a whole.)[Eng.]
16. Hobsbawm, Eric J. Echoes of the Marseillaise. Two Centuries Look Back on the French Revolution. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Univ. Press, 1990. Pp. xv-144. [The Appendix, pp. 115-120, consists of several pages on Gramsci's notes on the role of the Jacobins (taken from Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 1971, pp. 77-83.] [Eng.]
17. Kebir, Sabine. Antonio Gramscis Zivilgesellschaft. Hamburg: VSA-Verlag, 1991. Pp. 255. (A thorough historical and philosophical analysis of Gramsci's concept of "civil society.")
18. Lajolo, Laurana. Volontà di futuro. Rilettura attuale di Gramsci. Rome: Edizioni Associate, 1989. Pp. 134. (Emphasis on the "actuality" of Gramsci with regard to the connection between culture and politics, education & revolution, his relationship to Stalinism, and that of the present crisis of the Left.) [Ital.] [END PAGE 15]
19. Medici, Rita. La metafora Machiavelli: Mosca, Pareto, Michels, Gramsci. Modena: Mucchi editore, 1990. Pp. 277. (Gramsci as the true heir, both in reality and metaphorically, of the Machiavellian tradition.) [Ital.]
20. Mezones, Carlos. Cultura y Sociedad civil en Gramsci. Prólogo de Moisés Moleiro. Venezuela: Los Teques, 1991. Pp. 152. [Span.]
21. Montanari, Marcello. La libertà e il tempo. Osservazioni sulla democrazia tra Marx e Gramsci. Rome: Editori Riuniti, 1991. Pp. xi-117. (The close connection between labor time and democracy; Gramsci in the context of Hegel and Croce) [Ital.]
22. Morera, Esteve. Gramsci's Historicism: A Realist Interpretation. London & New York: Routledge, 1990. Pp. vi-237. (Historicism as a central concept of G.'s thought. The term is discussed in four of its aspects: as transience, as historical necessity, as realism, and as humanism.) [Eng.]
23. Natoli, Aldo. Antigone e il prigioniero. Tania Schucht lotta per la vita di Gramsci. Rome: Editori Riuniti, 1990. Pp. xii-297. (A study of Tania Schucht's role in G.'s life while in prison. This is the first work based on the 652 letters and post cards sent by Tania to G. [More than half of the 456 published letters of Gramsci himself from prison were sent to her.] Essential to the understanding of so many aspects of G.'s prison life) [Ital.]
24. Paulesu Quercioli, Mimma. Le donne di Casa Gramsci. Rome: Editori Riuniti, 1991. Pp. 173. (A reconstruction of the life of Gramsci's family in Ghilarza and elsewhere. Based on extensive correspondence. Cf. also the remarkable letter on pp. 116-17 sent by Bordiga to Gramsci's mother in 1927.) [Ital.]
25. Pistillo, Michele. Gramsci come Moro? Manduria-Bari-Rome: Piero Lacaita editore, 1989. Pp. 155. (Esp. in the years from 1988 through 1991, a polemic raged in Italy over the relationship of the PCd'I and Gramsci from [END PAGE 16] 1926 to 1937. This work is one of the most effective defenses of the role of the Party in those years. Pistillo has told us that a new and more inclusive edition will soon appear.) [Ital.]
26. Potier, Jean Pierre. Piero Sraffa. Biografia. Prefazione e traduzione di Antonio A. Santucci. French original, 1987. Rome: Editori Riuniti, 1990. Pp. xii-157. (A splendid little book which finally illuminates both the dazzling influence of Sraffa the Cambridge intellectual and his "secret life" as the sustainer of Gramsci and friend of Palmiro Togliatti.) [Ital.]
27. Santarelli, Enzo, ed. Gramsci ritrovato, 1937-1947. Scritti di Angelo Tasca, Carlo Rosselli, Palmiro Togliatti, Ruggero Grieco, Mario Montagnana, Eugenio Curiel, Leo Valiani, Guido Dorso, Augusto Livi, Romain Rolland, Mario Garuglieri, Luigi Russo, Guido Miglioli, Emilio Lussu, Umberto Calosso, Lucio Libertini, Umberto Morra, Giacomo Debenedetti, Benedetto Croce, Leonida Répaci, Carlo Bo, Mario Albertini, Carlo Muscetta, Felice Balbo. Catanzaro: Abramo editore, 1991. Pp. 314. [The articles in this collection are listed as the following numbers in the Bibliografia gramsciana 1922-1988: Tasca (6387), Rosselli (5443), Togliatti (6512 & 6515), Grieco (2832), Montagnana (4290), Valiani (6740), Dorso (2058), Livi (3636), Rolland (5381 & 5386), Garuglieri (2579), Russo (5478), Miglioli (4207), Morra (4334), Debenedetti (1904), Croce (1712), Repaci (5315), Bo (895), Albertini (335), Muscetta (4375 & 4376), and Balbo (638).
The articles by Curiel, Lussu, Calosso, and Libertini were not included in the Bibliografia gramsciana 1922-1988.] (A thoughtful compilation of some of the publications from G.'s death in 1937 to the publication of the Lettere dal carcere in 1947 which established the basis for Gramsci's future importance in Italy and abroad.) [Ital.]
28. Schucht, Tatiana. Lettere ai familiari. Prefazione di Giuliano Gramsci. Introduzione e cura di Mimma Paulesu Quercioli. Rome: Editori Riuniti, 1991. Pp. xxxii-257. (In addition to the letters of Tatiana to Gramsci [END PAGE 17] contained and interpreted in Natoli's book cf. #23 above we now have these 189 letters. She sent sixty of them to Gramsci's family in Sardinia and the other 129 to her own family in Moscow.) [Ital.]
29. Sraffa, Piero. Lettere a Tania per Gramsci. Introduzione e cura di Valentino Gerratana. Rome: Editori Riuniti, 1991. Pp. lv-274. (This fascinating book reveals a great deal more on the "secret life" of Sraffa [cf. #26]. These nearly 80 letters plus others from Tania to Sraffa are "really letters to Gramsci just as a great part of G.'s letters to Tania were also to Sraffa.") [Ital.]
30. Szabó, Tibor. Gramsci Politikai Filozófiája. Szeged, 1991. Pp. 166. [Pp. 161-66, written in Italian, recount the fortunes of Gramscian studies in Hungarian and summarize the main points of this book.] [Hung.]
31. Tavares de Jesus, Antônio. Educaçao e hemonia no pensamento de Antonio Gramsci. Sao Paulo: Cortez, 1989. Pp. 132. [Port.]
32. Vacca, Giuseppe. Gramsci e Togliatti. Rome: Editori Riuniti, 1991. Pp. xxxvii-241. (These important essays are among the first attempts to relate the teachings of Gramsci and Togliatti to the immediate future of the Italian and European Left.) [Ital.]
After this bibliography went to print John Cammett received from Professor Irina Grigorieva a list of 60 items on Gramsci published in Russian. This bibliographic list will be published in the next issue of the IGS Newsletter.
The Quaderni del carcere in Machine-Readable Form
At the Conference of Gramscian Studies held in Pavia in October of 1991, Dario Ragazzini of the University of Florence gave a paper on the state of this project. He and Renzo Martinelli, also of the Univ. of Florence, have just completed the "computerization" of the entire body of Gramsci's Quaderni del carcere. This will make it possible to make a thorough linguistic analysis of the Quaderni. Once the electronic data have been put on a CD-ROM and are read [END PAGE 18] with the appropriate soft-ware it will be possible in a few moments for any of us to find and list (even in context!) every occurrence of any word or phrase used by Gramsci.
In fact, Ragazzini has already done some of this, as he has informed us in his paper. He begins by describing some of the technical problems in creating the "electronic" Quaderni, and then reveals some of his fascinating results. There are, he avows, 36,500 different words in the Quaderni which in all their reoccurrences come to a total of 788,509! To give us an idea of the frequencies, he says that the word "philosophy" occurs 1343 times, but that in all the forms of the root of the word, such as "philosophic," "philosopher," etc., it occurs 2016 times.
To me, the most fascinating initial results of the work of Ragazzini-Martinelli is the early identification of a series of words which are typical of what I would call Gramsci's "problematic mind-set" words which indicate, in Ragazzini's expression, his "complex, dynamic and conflictual" approach to political reality. Please permit me to quote (per forza in italiano) the relevant three paragraphs of Ragazzini's report on only those most frequently used words (the numbers indicate the frequency) which illustrate this most illuminating aspect of Gramsci's way of thought:
quistione (780), quistioni (258), questione (31), questioni (13), problema (527), problemi (294) e poi concezione (721), concezioni (119), concetto (453), concetti (149), critica (610) ecc., teoria (360), teorie (91), teorico ecc., analisi (201) ecc., giudizio (195), critico (159) ecc., interpretazione (150), interpretazioni (49), ecc.
parte (1084), parti (80), forma (773), forme (321), tipo (669), tipi (98), carattere (637), caratteri (99) e tutte le forme di caratteristico e caratterizzare, elementi (635), elemento (611), funzione (582), funzioni (85), rapporti (469), rapporto (351), caso (447), casi (61), importanza (440), importante (191), ecc., condizioni (371), condizione (53), esempio (358), esempi (33), esamplare ecc., sistema (288), sistemi (68), sistematico ecc., aspetto (223), aspetti (144), fenomeno (209), fenomeni (98), complesso (202), complessi ecc., fondamentale (168), fondamentali (124), equilibrio (165), differenza (134), [END PAGE 19] differenze (41), ecc., epoca (131), ecc. causa (123), cause (98) ecc., gruppo (515), gruppi (350), strati (123), strato (91), organismo (121), essenziale (116), essenziali (59), particolare (205), particolari (110). attività (734) e poi attivo, attivi, attivamente ecc., guerra (726), guerre (90), forze (709), forza (525), sviluppo (642), sviluppi (39) e tutte le forme del verbo sviluppare, movimento (584), movimenti (150), azione (529), azioni (61), lotta (527), lotte (118), crisi (385), processo (373), processi (37), processuale ecc., necessità (344), necessario (206), necessaria (139), necessariamente (112), ecc., origine (306), origini (131), volontà (288), ecc., fase (284), fasi (65), tendenza (246), tendenze (187), ecc., grado (201), ecc., iniziativa (180), iniziative (73), correnti (163), corrente (128), possibile (273), possibilità (156), soluzione (139), soluzioni (42), progresso (133), ecc., indirizzo (114), influsso (114), contrasto (112).
These are among the most commonly used words by Gramsci. But more important, "substantially only these accompany Gramsci's typical themes and concepts (such as the intellectuals and hegemony)." I intend to translate and publish Ragazzini's report in the near future. It is our hope that this will not only stimulate further reflection on the meaning of the Quaderni, but also help us to find a publisher-distributor of the CDROM and its accompanying hard copy. Most recently, Ms. Annelies Hoogscarspel of the Center for Electronic Texts in the Humanities (Rutgers University) has supplied me with a list of possible and appropriate CDRom publishers. We also welcome suggestions on this matter from any of our readers.
John M. Cammett
P.S. The full text of Dario Ragazzini's report will bc published (in Italian) in the Atti of the Pavia conference where it was originally presented. Ragazzini is currently engaged in an effort to publish the results of his project. Apart from making available the text of the Quaderni on CDROM he wishes to publish a volume which will include all the information on the distribution of words in the Gramscian lexicon. Anyone who is interested in this project or who would like to have the complete text of Ragazzini's report is encouraged to contact: Dario Ragazzini; Borgo S. Frediano 85; 50124 Firenze (Tel. 055/ 2280172). [END PAGE 20]